Rabu, 26 Oktober 2011
Jumat, 09 Januari 2009
ENJOY OF LEARNING MATH IN THE CLASS
Mathematics is very important in our life. Mathematics as used in many branches of science and knowledge. So in the globalization era of the student was demanded in order to be able to understand the subject of mathematics in the class. To understand the subject of mathematics well is not easy. The student must enjoy learning available in the class There are many factors that affected its. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factor is the factor that came from inside of self the student, whereas the extrinsic factor is the factor that was influenced by the environment around the student. The intrinsic factor is like us the interested and enthusiasts of learning mathematic, the motivation of learning math, and the readiness of learning mathematics. The extrinsic factor such us how to the teacher teaching (including the teaching methods), the relations with the classmate, and classroom’s conditions.
1. Intrinsic Factor
Interested and enthusiasts of learning mathematic is very important to enjoy learning mathematics in the class. The students whose high interested ad enthusiast of learning mathematics, they will be enjoy learning mathematics in the class.
If the students have good motivation of learning mathematics, they will spirit full to learning mathematics. How is difficult of mathematics will be easy to learn because they are full of motivation to learning mathematics well.
The readiness of learning mathematics is necessary in order to enjoy learning mathematics in the class. The students who have prepare the lesson in their home, they will follow mathematics lesson well in the class. They will follow the teacher explanation easily because they have prepared the material at home.
2. Extrinsic Factor
The method that was used by the teacher to teach mathematics in the class is really affected a student in studying mathematics. The teachers have to creative in order that the student is always spirit and enjoy following the mathematics’ lesson in the class.
A good relation with the classmate also influences the students to learn mathematics in the class. They can learn mathematics not only in mathematics’ lesson in the class, but also in all spare time which they have.
Classroom conditions with the students whose spirit to learning mathematics will give student motivations to learning mathematics well. If all the class has the big spirit in studying mathematics then they would enjoy in studying mathematics.
written by :
Huti Prastasiwi
Pendidikan Matematika Reguler 2007
07301241042
Senin, 15 Desember 2008
The Psychological Aspect (Revise edition)
1.Choose the questions from worksheet and do it. The result is collected today ( don’t answer the check point questions please)
2.Make the solution for all and collected latest Thursday, 9 December 2008, put on Marsigit’s locker. The teacher can see the answer key Thursday night 9 December at http://pbmmatmarsigit.blogspot.com/ . amien (lecturer : Marsigit)
The Psychological Aspect That Can Emerge While the Teacher Get Problem Like Above
From the questions above we can analyze psychological aspects that emerge from the teacher. There are many psychological aspects. For example is laziness, shock, worried, and maybe pessimist. Then the teachers are often worried. They think whether they can do the questions well and on time. Many of the teachers are pessimist. Many of teachers are not good at technology such as internet. They can not operate computer well and confuse how to use internet. So they confuse to make BlogSpot. And then they are pessimist that they can do the questions well.
We often look that the teacher will be lazy if get the problem above. It is not impossible because it is a psychological aspect. Laziness (also called indolence) is disinclination to activity or exertion despite having the ability to do so, it is often used as a pejorative. Chronic laziness may be an underlying psychological condition. Feelings of laziness may be a symptom of clinical depression or listlessness. Jules Renard said that Laziness is nothing more than the habit of resting before you get tired. I suppose that lazy people may be getting the most out of life, but it's hard for me to imagine how. I can't imagine not having any drive or ambition to accomplish anything, and having the desire to engage only in passive activities, always being a spectator, never acting. Laziness, in many cases, leads to poor health, low self-esteem, lack of hope, and low self-confidence, among other things that I just don't see. It also robs a person of a sense of accomplishment, a sense of self-worth, and self-development.
Shock is like surprise, but the surprise is refers to positive psychological aspect, shock is negative psychological aspect. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. This can damage multiple organs. Shock requires IMMEDIATE medical treatment and can get worse very rapidly.
Hutri Prastasiwi
Pendidikan Matematika Reguler 2007
07301241042
Rabu, 10 Desember 2008
1.Choose the questions from worksheet and do it. The result is collected today ( don’t answer the check point questions please)
2.Make the solution for all and collected latest Thursday, 9 December 2008, put on Marsigit’s locker. The teacher can see the answer key Thursday night 9 December at http://pbmmatmarsigit.blogspot.com/ . amien (lecturer : Marsigit)
The Psychological Aspect That Can Emerge While the Teacher Get Problem Like Above
a.Laziness
We often look that the teacher will be lazy if get the problem above. It is not impossible because it is a psychological aspect. Laziness (also called indolence) is disinclination to activity or exertion despite having the ability to do so, it is often used as a pejorative. Chronic laziness may be an underlying psychological condition. Feelings of laziness may be a symptom of clinical depression or listlessness. Jules Renard said that Laziness is nothing more than the habit of resting before you get tired.
I suppose that lazy people may be getting the most out of life, but it's hard for me to imagine how. I can't imagine not having any drive or ambition to accomplish anything, and having the desire to engage only in passive activities, always being a spectator, never acting. Laziness, in many cases, leads to poor health, low self-esteem, lack of hope, and low self-confidence, among other things that I just don't see. It also robs a person of a sense of accomplishment, a sense of self-worth, and self-development.
b.Shock
Shock is like surprise, but the surprise is refers to positive psychological aspect, shock is negative psychological aspect. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. This can damage multiple organs. Shock requires IMMEDIATE medical treatment and can get worse very rapidly.
References :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laziness
http://www.livinglifefully.com/laziness.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000039.htm
Hutri Prastasiwi
Pendidikan Matematika Reguler 2007
07301241042
Selasa, 02 Desember 2008
A KIND OF SAMPLING METHODS
Hutri Prastasiwi
Pendidikan matematika regular 2007
07301241042
Psikologi belajar matematika
SAMPLING METHODS
In statistics, a sample is a subset of population. Typically, the population is very large, making a census or a completee numeration of all the values in the population impractical or impossible. The sample represents a subset of manageable size. Samples are collected and statistics are calculated from the samples so that one can make inferences or extrapolations from the sample to the population. This process of collecting information from a sample is referred to as sampling. from wikipedia
Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen. Let's begin by covering some of the key terms in sampling like "population" and "sampling frame." Then, because some types of sampling rely upon quantitative models, we'll talk about some of the statistical terms used in sampling. Finally, we'll discuss the major distinction between probability and non-probability sampling methods and work through the major types in each. from : socialresearchmethods com
Sampling is choosing which subjects to measure in a research project. Usually the subjects are people, but subjects could also be organizations, cities, even nations. Measurement is typically accomplished through survey instruments, but could also be by observation, archival record, or other method. Regardless, sampling will determine how much and how well the researcher may generalize his or her findings. A bad sample may well render findings meaningless.
(http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/sampling.htm)
SAMPLING METHODS
a. Random Sampling
A random sample is one chosen by a method involving an unpredictable component. Random sampling can also refer to taking a number of independent observations from the same probability distribution, without involving any real population. A probability sample is one in which each item has a known probability of being in the sample. The sample usually will not be completely representative of the population from which it was drawn— this random variation in the results is known as sampling error. In the case of random samples, mathematical theory is available to assess the sampling error. Thus, estimates obtained from random samples can be accompanied by measures of the uncertainty associated with the estimate. This can take the form of a standard error, or if the sample is large enough for the central limit theorem to take effect, confidence intervals may be calculated. Random sampling- all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample. You might think this means just standing in the street and asking passers-by to answer your questions. However, there would be many members of the population who would not be in the street at the time you are there, therefore, they do not stand any chance of being part of your sample. To pick a random sample, it is necessary to take all the names on the electoral register( a list of all the people who live in a particular area) and pick out, for example, every fiftieth name. This particular person needs to be interviewed to make the sample truly random. Random sampling is very expensive and time consuming, but gives a true sample of the population. from wikipedia
b. Systematic Sampling
A method of selecting sample members from a larger population according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic interval. Typically, every "nth" member is selected from the total population for inclusion in the sample population. Systematic sampling is still thought of as being random, as long as the periodic interval is determined beforehand and the starting point is random. A common way of selecting members for a sample population using systematic sampling is simply to divide the total number of units in the general population by the desired number of units for the sample population. The result of the division serves as the marker for selecting sample units from within the general population. For example, if you wanted to select a random group of 1,000 people from a population of 50,000 using systematic sampling, you would simply select every 50th person, since 50,000/1,000 = 50. from investopedia
c. Stratified Sampling
Definition: There may often be factors which divide up the population into sub-populations (groups / strata) and we may expect the measurement of interest to vary among the different sub-populations. This has to be accounted for when we select a sample from the population in order that we obtain a sample that is representative of the population. This is achieved by stratified sampling. A stratified sample is obtained by taking samples from each stratum or sub-group of a population.
(http://www.bized.co.uk/cgi-bin/glossarydb/browse.pl?glosid=1322)
d. Convenience Sampling
A convenience sample is a sample where the patients are selected, in part or in whole, at the convenience of the researcher. The researcher makes no attempt, or only a limited attempt, to insure that this sample is an accurate representation of some larger group or population. The classic example of a convenience sample is standing at a shopping mall and selecting shoppers as they walk by to fill out a survey. In contrast, a random sample is one where the researcher insures (usually through the use of random numbers applied to a list of the entire population) that each member of that population has an equal probability of being selected. Random samples are an important foundation of Statistics. Almost all of the mathematical theory upon which Statistics are based rely on assumptions which are consistent with a random sample. This theory is inconsistent with data collected from a convenience sample. In general, the Statistics community frowns on convenience samples. You will often have great difficulty in generalizing the results of a convenience sample to any population that has practical relevance. from : childreenmercy
e. Judgment Sampling
Judgement sampling involves the choice of subjects who are most advantageously placed or in the best position to provide the information required. For instance, if a researcher wants to find out what it takes for women managers to make it to the top, the only people who can give first hand information re the women? Who have risen to the positions of presidents, vice presidents and important top-level executives in work organizations? They could reasonably be expected to have expert knowledge by virtue of having gone through the experience and processes themselves and might perhaps be able to provide good data or information to the researcher. Thus the judgement sampling design is used when a limited number or category of people have the information that is sought. In such cases any type of probability sampling across a cross-section of the entire population is purposeless and not useful. Judgement sampling may curtail the generalizability of the finding due to the fact that we are using a sample of experts who are conveniently available to us. However it is the only viable sampling method for obtaining the type of information that is required from very specific pockets of people who are very knowledgeable are included in the sample. from : blurtit
f. Quota Sampling
Quota sampling is often used in market research because it does not require a list of potential respondents (a 'sampling frame'). It is not based on random selection. Instead, respondents who fit into predetermined categories ('quota controls') are found by interviewers until their quotas are filled. For this survey, the quota controls to be used are sex and age (young, middle, and old).
A recent census has reported that there are:
5252 males
5789 females
2940 young
3921 middle aged
4180 old
in the town. You should choose the numbers in your sample in each category so that they are approximately representative of the town as a whole.
(http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/samp/quota.php)
g. Snowball Sampling
With this approach, you initially contact a few potential respondents and then ask them whether they know of anybody with the same characteristics that you are looking for in your research. For example, if you wanted to interview a sample of vegetarians / cyclists / people with a particular disability / people who support a particular political party etc., your initial contacts may well have knowledge (through e.g. support group) of others. from : tardis.ed.ac
According the explanation above we have some sampling methods. There are random sampling, stratified sampling, quota sampling, snowball sampling, judgment sampling, and convenience sampling.
